There are numerous differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) between men and women. Women have a higher prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Tako-Tsubo syndrome (also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy), and post–myocardial infarction depression than men. Women also have a greater sensitivity to QT-prolonging medications and higher heart failure mortality with digoxin than men.1,2 A mounting literature further documents important sex differences in pharmacology, including response to β-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
