On March 3, the Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital released Sex-Specific Medical Research: Why Women’s Health Can’t Wait at a women’s health summit in Boston, MA, USA. The report aims to assess progress on inclusion of women in clinical research as mandated in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993, which sought to make greater representation of women and minorities in health research a US national priority. Recognising that women and men have different risks for the onset, course, and treatment response of many diseases, it is important to integrate sex-specific analysis in all aspects of research—from basic science to clinical trials, and in subsequent translation into practice and evaluation of clinical outcomes.